In the animal world, each animal has different survival methods because of the different environment, so that their population population can be reproduced. It is precisely because animals have evolved various ways to resist natural disasters, so we can see the figures of various animals in some places with very harsh environments. In the desperate situation on the earth, humans know best about Antarctic and North Pole.

Antarctica is the coldest place on the earth. Because most places in the Arctic are ice lids, most of the Antarctica are the mainland. Therefore, the temperature difference between the Antarctic day and night is greater, so it is not suitable for the survival of animals. In the Arctic, there are still many kinds of animals such as Arctic Bear and Arctic Fox, and in Antarctica, it seems that only penguins and a few sea lions and seals can survive.

Why don't penguins afraid of cold? This starts with their appearance. There is a concept of three -dimensional geometry, called the surface area, that is, the volume of the object is divided by the value of the surface area. The surface of the spherical shape is the smallest, and the penguin is closer to the spherical shape than other animals.

The smaller the surface area, the smaller the contact area with the air, which means that the heat dissipation speed is very slow, so the heat is not easy to lose. What we can see is that the penguin's body is close to the ball in the animal. The short and thick legs of penguins are shrinking under the belly, which can reduce the area of contact with the outside world.

Penguins themselves are birds. Their body surface is covered with thick layers of feathers, and they are thicker than ordinary birds. These feathers are the main structures that penguins can resist cold. Whether penguins are on land or in water, their feathers can save their own calories well, and have a waterproof effect. When they are under the sun, they can also absorb light and heat well.

Penguins always live in a cluster. In winter, some penguins will choose to spend winter in a warmer place, while some penguins will form a group to warm up and resist the severe cold in winter. In the summer, penguins will reproduce and supplement a large amount of food, allowing their weight to grow rapidly and form thick fat. In winter, penguins will gather together, then surround the youngest penguin in the middle, while the periphery is an adult penguin. This can ensure that penguin's calories are retained to the greatest extent and spent the cold winter.

When the internal temperature rises to a higher temperature, the penguins surrounding will move to adjust. Standing at the outermost penguin will exchange positions with the inner penguin. According to this law, the penguin group realizes the maintenance of the overall group body temperature, and at the same time, the penguins on the outside will not be frozen to death.

In addition, in long -term evolution, penguins have formed a unique vascular system. Their arteries and veins are three -dimensional staggered. The cold blood flowing back to the heart can be exchanged with the blood of the heart, thereby ensuring the temperature of the whole body blood.